“Aqiqah”
ahakaam aur masail quraan aur sunnat kee raushanee mein
۞ bismillaah-hirrahamaan-nirraheem ۞
allaah ke naam se jo bada meharabaan bahut raham vaala hai.
sab taareephen allaah taaala ke lie hain jo sab jahaano ka paalane vaala hai. ham usee se madad aur maaphee chaahate hain.
allaah kee veshumaar salaamatee, rahamaten aur barakaten naazil hon muhammad sallal laahu alaihi va sallam par aur aapakee aal va aulaad aur asahaab raji. par amma baad!
akeeka kise kahate hain?
akeeka us jabeeha ko kahate hain jo naumolud kee taraph se kiya jaata hai. yah bhee kaha gaya hai ki aqeeka un baalon ko kaha jaata hai jo maan ke pet mein paida hone vaale bachche ke sar mein nikalate hain. choonki un baalon ko naumolood ke sar se jibah ke vakt mund diya jaata hai. isalie kisee bachche kee paidaish par jo bakaree jibah kee jaatee hai, use akeeka kaha jaata hai.
‘अक’ ka ek maaanee phaadana aur kaatana bhee hota hai. isalie bhee naugolood kee taraph se jibah kee jaane vaalee bakaree ko akeeka kaha gaya kyonki us(jaanavar) ke jism ke tukade kar diye jaate hain aur usake pet ko cheer-phaad diya jaata hai. (baloo gul maraam jild 2 sapha 873)
akeeke kee ahamiyat
irashaade baaree taaala hai “allaah ka shukr ada karo. agar tum sirph usee kee. ibaadat karate ho.” (soorah nahal-aayat-114)
“tum mera zikr karo. main bhee tumhen yaad karoonga aur meree shukr guzaaree karo aur na shukree karane se bacho.” (bakara-aayat-152)
isalie aulaad jaisee nemat ke milane par akeeka karake allaah ka shukr ada karana chaahiye.
akeeke ka gosht khud bhee khaaya ja sakata hai. doston ko bhee diya aur khilaaya ja sakata hai. gareebo-miskeenon aur rishtedaaron ko paka kar bhee khilaaya ja sakata hai.
akeeka hadees kee roshanee mein
(1) “bachche ke saath akeeka (laajim) hai. lihaaja tum usakee taraph se kurbaanee karo aur usakee takaleeph ko door karo.”
(raavee-salamaan bin aamir razi-bukhaaree-5472, abu daud-2839, ibne maaja-3184, nasaee-4220, tirmizee-1361, daaramee-2012)
(2) “jisake yahaan koee bachcha paida ho aur vah usakee taraph se kurbaanee karana chaahe to zaroor kurbaanee kare.”
(abdullaah bin agn raji-nasaee-4218)
(3) “har bachcha apane akeeke ke evaz giravee hota hai. paidaish ke saatave din usaka akeeka kiya jae.”
(raavee-sumara bin jundub raji- abudaud-2838, nasaee-4226. ibne maaza-3165, tirmijee-1368, daaramee-2014)
(4) “ladake kee taraph se do baraabar (ek jaisee) bakariyaan aur ladakee kee taraph se ek bakaree.”
(kurbaanee kee jae. (raaveeya-ummai kurj kaabiya razi-abudaud-2834, nasaee-4221, ine maaja-3162, daaramee-2011)
(5) “aap (shly allh ʿlyh wslm) ne hasan razi aur husain razi ka akeeka kiya aur 2-2 dumbe jibah kiye.” (raavee-ine abbaas raji-nasaee-4225)
(6) “hamen allaah ke rasool (shly allh ʿlyh wslm) ne hukm diya ki ladake kee taraph se do bakariyaan aur ladakee kee taraph se ek bakaree aqeeke mein kurbaanee kee jae.”
(aaesha raji-ine maaja-2163, tirmijee-1359)
(7) “aap (shly allh ʿlyh wslm) ne hasan razi kee taraph se aqeeka kiya. phir pharamaaya ai phaatima (raji). is ka sar mundavao aur is ke baalo ke vazan ke baraabar chaandee sadaka karo.”
(alee raji-tirmijee-1365)
(8) “phaatima razi ne hasan razi aur husain razi ke baal taul kar un ke vazan ke baraabar chaandee sadaka kee.”
(motta imaam maalik-1121 sapha-371)
(9) “akeeka kiya jae bachche kee taraph se lekin us ke sar mein khoon (akeeke ke jaanavar ka jaisa ki jamaana e jaahiliyat mein rivaaz tha) na lagaaya jae.”
(yajeed bin abd-ibne maaja-3166)
maaloom hua akeeka islaam kee sunnaton mein se ek sunnat hai. aam ahale ilm khususan ine abbaas raji, ibne umar razi, aaesha razi, phukha e taabeen rah, aur kaee aimma jinamen imaam maalik rah. imaam shaaphee rah.. imaam ahamad bin hambal rah, aur allaama shaukaanee rah shaamil hain, ke nazadeek akeeka sunnat hai.
baaz ulega ne ise vaajib kaha hai. jabaki ahanaaph ke najadeek akeeka sunnat nahee balki sirph mubaah aur jaiz hai.
shekh inakee jareen ke paas akeeka sunnate mukeda hai. aseesin raah mein shaayakh bhee aksar ise ahale ilm ke paas sunnate muqadda kahate the. haalaanki, hasan basaree raah ke paas akka karana anivaary hai. (fiq ul hadeeth-jild 2 sapha 487-488)
agar akeeka karane kee haisitee na ho?
allaah taaala ne pharamaaya "apanee taakat bhar allaah se darate raho." (tagabun-aayat -16) "allaah ne kisee vyakti ko usakee taakat se bahut takaleeph (svatantr roop se) nahin dee hai." (bakara -285)
nabee sall, ne pharamaaya "jab main tumhen kisee kaam ka hukm doon to tum tum mein paraakramee ho, us par amal karo."
(muslim, nais)
shaikh ibne aseemeen rah, ne kaha “agar koee shakhs apanee aulaad kee paidaish ke vakt gareeb ho to us par akeeka karana zarooree nahin hai kyonki vah aajij hai aur aajij ya bebas hone kee vajah se ibaadat saaqit ho jaatee hai.” (phataava islaamiya -jild 2 sapha-427)
imaam ahamad aur imaam manzar rah ne kaha ki “aisa shakhs akeeka karane ke liye karz le le. ummeed hai ki allaah use sunnat zinda karane kee vajah se poora poora ajr de.” (phikah ul hadees-jild 2 sapha-488)
naatamaam bachche kee taraph se akeeke ka hukm
saakit ho (gir) jaane vaale bachche kee taraph se akeeka nahee hain. agar yah bhee pata chal jaaye ki vah ladaka hai ya ladakee. basharte ki rooh phoonke jaane se pahale saakit ho jae kyonki akeeke ka jaanavar paidaish ke saataven roz jibah kiya jaata hai. isee tarah vakt se pahale gir jaane vaale naatamaam bachcho ka aqeeqa nahin hai. (saoodee iphta kametee-phataava islaamiya jild 2 sapha 427)
mayyat kee taraph se akeeka
kuchh ulema kee raay mein aisa kiya ja sakata hai. basharte ki bachcha saat dinon se jyaada kitanee bhee umr pa kar phaut hua ho. lekin shekh ibne aseegeen rah. ka phatva hai ki “mayyat kee taraph se akeeka nahin hai balki usake lie magaphirat kee dua kee ja sakatee hai aur sadaka vagairah kiya ja sakata hai.” (phataava islaamiya jild 2 sapha 425)
zinda vaaladain kee taraph se akeeka
allaah ke rasool sall. ke is pharamaan ki “har bachcha apane akeeke ke evaz rahan (giravee) hota hai.” se maalum hota hai ki vaalidain kee taraph se (agar unaka akeeka na kiya gaya ho) to aulaad bhee unakee taraph se akeeka kar sakatee hai kyonki rahan kee cheez) koee bhee chhuda sakata hai. (phikh ul hadees-jild 2 sapha-496)
kya insaan khud apana akeeka kar sakata hai?
agar kisee ke vaalidain aqeeke ke masail se lailmee, jahaalat, gurabat ya kisee aur vajah se akeeka na kar saken hon to vah khud bhee apana akeeka kar sakata hai.
imaam shaafee rah, ata bin abi ravaah rah. aur hasan basaree rah. ka kahana hai ki “insaan apanee taraph se bhee akeeka kar sakata hai isalie ki vah akeeke ke evaj giravee hai.” lekin hanaabela(hambalee) isake khilaaph hain. unakee daleel yah hai ki “akeeka karana vaaliden kee jimmedaaree hai. (phikh ul hadees-jild 2 sapha-495)
agar koee saataven din se pahale akeeka kare
to aisa shakhs sunnate rasool (shly allh ʿlyh wslm) kee khilaaph varjee karane vaala hai. kyonki nabee (shly allh ʿlyh wslm) ne akeeke ke liye jo din mukarrar pharamaaya hai, vah paidaish ka saatavaan din hai. lekin bachcha rahan se aajaad ho jaega. (phikh ul hadees-jild 2 sapha-494)
kya saataven roj ke baad akeeka kiya ja sakata hai?
paidaish ke saataven roj ke baad bhee akeeka kiya ja sakata hai. phir chaahe vah baalig hee kyo na ho gaya ho. kyonki vah bachcha akeeka na hone kee vajah se abhee tak giravee hai.
nabee ai kareem (shly allh ʿlyh wslm) ka irashaad hai “akeeke ka jaanavar saataven roj jibah kiya jae ya chaudaven roj ya ikkeesaven roj.” (sahee jaame al sageer hadees na. 4011)
isee tarah saudee majalise iphta ka phatva hai “saataven roj ke baad bhee akeeka kiya ja sakata hai lekin der karana sunnat ke khilaaph hai.”(phataava islaamiyaan-jild 2 sapha-426)
akeeke ke jaanavar mein kurbaanee ke jaanavar kee shart ?
is baabat bhee ulema hajaraat kee mukhataliph raay hain. shokaanee rah, kahate hain ki akeeke ke jaanavar mein choh sharte nahee lagaee jaengee jo kurbaanee ke jaanavar kee hain aur yahee baat hak hai. (nailul avataar jild 3 sapha-506)
abdurrahamaan mubaarakapuree rah. ka kahana hai “kisee bhee sahee hadees se yah sharte lagaana saabit nahin. balki kisee jaeeph hadees se bhee yah saabit nahin.” (tohapha al ahoojee-jild 5 sapha-399 ) (va havaala-phikh ul hadees-jild 2 sapha-493)
alabatta ibne kadaama rah. kee raay mein “akeeke ke jaanavar mein bhee un aibon se bacha jaayega jinase kurbaanee ke jaanavar mein bacha jaata hai.” (al muganee jild-13 sapha-999) ba havaala-phikah ul hadees jild-2 sapha-493
akeeke ka jaanavar nar ho ya maada?
akeeke mein nar ya maada dono hee jaanavar jibah kiye ja sakate hain. isalie ki aap sall. ka irshaad hai “ladake kee taraph se do bakariyaan aur ladakee kee taraph se ek bakaree jibah kee jae. nar hon ya maada tumhen koee cheej nukasaan nahee degee.” (umme kurj kaabiya raji. abu daud-2835, tirmijee-1360)
kya akeeke mein oont aur gaay kee kurbaanee sahee hai?
ahaadeese rasool sall. me akeeke mein kurbaanee ke lie jin jaanavaron ka jikr milata hai, voh bakaree aur dumba hai. jaisa ki umme kurj raji. se abu daud (2835) ibne abbaas razi se sunan nasaee-4222 aur agn bin shoeb raji. se aboo daood mein 2842 hadees mein hai ki aap sall. ne pharamaaya “jisake yahaan koee bachcha paida ho aur vah usakee taraph se kurbaanee karana chaahe to ladake kee taraph se 2 aur ladakee kee taraph se 1 bakaree kurbaanee kare.”
“hasan razi aur husain raji, ke akeeke mein mendha jibah hua.” (abu daud 2841-ine abbaas raji.)
shokaanee rah. ne likha hai ki “jamhoor (ulaima) gaay aur bakaree ko (aqeeke ke lie) kaaphee karaar dete hain. yaani jaiz karaar dete hain.” (nailul avataar jild 3 sapha-537)
daaktar vahaba zaheelee kee raay mein akeeka bhee kurbaanee kee tarah anaam yaani oont, gaay, bhed aur bakaree se kiya ja sakata hai. jin ulema ne oont aur gaay kee kurbaanee ko aqeeke ke lie jaiz kaha hai, un kee daleel anas razi, se maravee yah hadees hai “bachche kee taraph se oont, gaay, bhed aur bakaree se akeeka kiya ja sakata hai. lekin yah rivaayat saabit nahin.
jaisa ki imaam haishamee rah. ne kaha ki is kee sanad mein masada bin al yasa raavee jhootha hai. choonki sahee ahaadees mein sirph bakaree aur dumba jibah karane ka zikr hai, isalie inheen kee kurbaanee karana behatar hai.” (phikh ul hadees-jild 2 sapha-491)
kya ladake kee taraph se ek jaanavar bhee kurbaan kiya ja sakata hai?
(1) ibne abbaas razi se rivaayat hai ki “allaah ke rasool sall ne hasan razi, aur husain razi, kee taraph se akeeke mein 1-1 dumba jivh kiya.” (abu daud-2841)
shaikh al baanee rah. ne kaha ki yah rivaayat sahee hai lekin nasaee kee vah rivaayat jyaada sahee hai jisamen 2-2 ka jikr hai. (nasaee-4225-ilne abbaas raji.)
(2) ibne umar razi, apane ghar vaalon kee taraph se akeeke mein (ladaka ho ya ladakee) 1-1 bakaree jibah karate the. (mautta maalik-1122 sapha-371)
(3) uravaah bin jubair razi. apanee aulaad kee taraph se ladaka hota ya ladakee 1-1 bakaree akeeke mein jibah karate the. (mautta maalik hadees 1125 sapha-371)
shokaanee rah ne kaha ki aap sall. ka akeeke mein ek bakaree kurbaan karana is baat ka suboot hai ki do jaanavar jarooree nahin balki mustahab hain. (phikh ul hadees-jild 2 sapha-493)
choonki kaul ko phaial par tarajeeh hotee hai. isalie ladake kee taraph se 2 aur ladakee kee taraph se 1 jaanavar hee jibah karana behatar hai.
bachche ke giravee hone ka matalab ?
bachche ke giravee hone ka matalab imaam ahamad rah. kee raay mein yah hai ki bachche ka agar akeeka na kiya jae to vah apane maan-baap kee siphaarish na kar sakega.
yah bhee kaha gaya hai ki yah akeeke ke vaajib hone ke mafahoom mein hai. jaisa ki karj mein adaayagee kiye bagair giravee cheez vaapis nahee ho sakatee aur yah bhee kaha gaya hai ki bachcha apane baalon aur mail-kuchail ke saath giravee hota hai yaani us giravee ko chhudaana chaahiye.” (oon al maabood-bahavaala-abudaud jild 3 sapha 289)
akeeke ke jaanavar ka gosht aur khaal ka masaraph
is baare mein ahaadeese rasool sall. se koee rahanugaee nahee milatee. alabatta doktar vahaba zaheelee ka kahana hai ki akeeke ke (jaanavar ke) gosht aur khaal ka hukm kurbaaniyon kee tarah hee hai. yaani unaka gosht khaaya ja sakata hai, khilaaya ja sakata hai aur us se sadaka kiya ja sakata hai lekin us kee koee cheej bechee nahin ja sakatee. (phikah ul islaamee va adalla jild 3 sapha 639 va havaala phikh ul hadees jild 2 sapha 496)
akeeke ke badale jaanavar kee keemat sadaka kar dena kaisa hai ?
ibne kadaama rah, ne kaha “aqeeke ke jaanavar kee keemat sadaka karane se aqeeke ke jaanavar ko jibah karana jyaada aphajal hai.”
imaam ahamad rah, ne kaha ki “jab kisee ke paas itana maal na ho ki vah akeeka kar sake to karj le le kyonki yah aisa zabeeha hai jisaka nabee sall. ne hukm diya hai.” (phikh ul hadees jild 2 sapha 495)
akeeke ke jaanavar kee keemat kisee phand mein jama karaana kaisa ?
akeeke ka badal nahin hoga. buraidaah razi, ka bayaan hai ki daure jaahiliyat mein jab ham mein se kisee ke yahaan bachcha paida hota to vah ek bakaree jibah karata aur us ka khun bachche ke sar par chupad deta tha. magar jab se allaah ne hamen islaam kee daulat se navaaza hai, ham ek bakaree jibah karate hain, bachche ka sar mundaate hain aur us ke sar par jaapharaan mal dete hain. (abudaood-2843)
aqeeke ka iraada na ho to paidaish ke din naam rakhana kaisa ?
agar bachche ke aqeeke ka iraada na ho to paidaish ke din hee usaka naam rakhana jaiz hai. isalie ki abu moosa raji. ke yahaan jab bachcha paida hua to aap use lekar nabee sall. ke paas gaye. aap sall. ne bachche ka naam ibraaheem rakha aur khajoor ko daanton se chabaakar use chataaya. (bukhaaree-5447)
aisa hee aap sall. ne abdullaah ine jubair raji. kee paidaish par bhee kiya tha. (bukhaaree-5489)
allaah taaala se dua hai ki vah hamen sunnat ke mutaabik zindagee gujaarane aur bidaat aur phijool roosoomaat se door rahane kee taupheek ata kare. ameen.
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